Patent Foramen Ovale

What is a patent foramen ovale (PFO)?

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a small flap or a valve-like opening between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. This opening exists in everyone before birth, but usually closes shortly after being born. If the flap does not close naturally after a baby is born, it is called a PFO.

Heart Failure

What is heart failure?

In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump the right amount of blood throughout the body. This causes blood to back up in the veins. Depending on which part of the heart is affected, this can lead to a buildup of excess fluid in the lungs, feet, and elsewhere. Heart failure can worsen with time, which may lead to the use of many treatments. Because of this, doctors are aggressive in treating heart failure to try to prevent it from worsening.

Heart Attack

What is a heart attack?

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is interrupted. Oxygen cannot get to the heart muscle, causing tissue damage or tissue death.

Heart Attack

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Angina

What is Angina?

Angina is pain or discomfort in the chest. It often has a squeezing or pressure-like feel. This discomfort can also be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaws, or back. Angina pain usually lasts for no more than two to ten minutes.